A Small Song About Brother Sun and Sister Moon
How the Canticle of the Sun Changed a Whole Church Community and Gave the World a New Way of Seeing
Some texts are small only on the surface. They may consist of few words, a simple rhythm, childlike language, and images everyone understands: sun, moon, stars, wind, water, fire, earth, and death. Yet such texts can contain an entire way of life. They can open a new way of seeing the world.
Francis of Assisi’s Canticle of the Sun is such a text.
It is not long. It is not systematic theology. It is not philosophy in the academic sense. It is a hymn of praise. But perhaps that is precisely why it has gained a power many larger systems have not. It has survived through the centuries because it does not primarily argue. It teaches us to see.
Francis does not begin with the human being. He begins with praise. Everything is received. Everything is gift. The sun is not merely a source of light. It is “Sir Brother Sun.” The moon and the stars are not distant celestial bodies. They are “Sister Moon” and the clear, precious, and beautiful lights of the heavens. Water is not merely useful. It is humble, precious, and beautiful. The earth is not merely soil or property. It is “Sister Mother Earth,” who sustains us, gives us fruit, flowers, and life.
This is a very different worldview from the one modern human beings often live within. We easily come to see nature as surroundings, resource, property, basis of production, or a place for recreation. Francis sees nature as kin. He does not stand outside creation, observing it from above. He stands in the midst of it. He is not lord over sun, water, fire, and earth. He is a brother among brothers and sisters.
This shift is what makes The Canticle of the Sun so radical. It changes the relationship between the human being and the world. The human being is not made less worthy, but less lonely. We are not deprived of dignity, but freed from our imagined sovereignty. We are not alone in a dead universe. We live in a creation that speaks, nourishes, warms, carries, and finally receives us back.
In his book The Pearls of Life, Martin Lönnebo writes that the prayer beads are spirituality in physical form. The same may be said of The Canticle of the Sun, although the form is different. The Pearls of Life allow faith to take place in the hand, through beads, touch, rhythm, and repetition. The Canticle of the Sun allows faith to take place in the world, through sun, moon, stars, wind, water, fire, earth, body, and death. It does not make spirituality abstract. It lets spirituality appear in the sensory world. Francis does not pray by leaving the world behind, but by naming the world as sister and brother. In this way, creation itself becomes a kind of body of prayer. The sun shines, water cleanses, fire warms, earth carries, and death sets the boundary for everything we own and everything we think we control. The Canticle of the Sun is therefore spirituality in physical form: a prayer in which the spiritual is not lifted away from the body and nature, but becomes visible precisely through the bodily, earthly, and perishable.
This also makes The Canticle of the Sun something more than a poem about nature. It is an exercise. It teaches the human being to pray with the senses open. It teaches us that spirituality does not necessarily begin by withdrawing from the world, but by becoming more wakefully present within it. Light on the skin, water in the hand, earth beneath the feet, and warmth from the fire do not become obstacles to faith. They become places where faith can take bodily form.
It is easy to make Francis of Assisi harmless. We can turn him into a gentle man with birds on his shoulder, a poetic saint for garden calendars and peaceful illustrations. But Francis was far more demanding than that. His love for creation was not sentimental. It was ascetic, radical, and bodily. He chose poverty not because poverty is beautiful, but because wealth, power, and ownership can make the human being blind. He saw that the person who wants to own everything will eventually see nothing as gift.
This is why The Canticle of the Sun belongs together with the ideal of poverty. The one who calls the sun brother and the earth sister cannot easily treat the world as a thing. The one who praises water as humble and pure cannot easily pollute rivers. The one who sees the earth as mother cannot simply drain her of life. Francis’ language is poetic, but its consequences are practical. He gives us not only an image of the world. He gives us an ethics.
It is also important that The Canticle of the Sun did not arise as a light and carefree summer song. Tradition connects it with the final phase of Francis’ life. He was ill, weakened, and close to death. He is said to have borne the wounds of Christ, the stigmata, on his hands and feet. He suffered bodily pain and had serious problems with his sight. This means that the song about the sun was probably written by a man who could barely see the light he praised.
This gives the text an almost startling depth. Francis does not sing because life is easy. He sings from the outer boundary of life. He praises the world of bodies while his own body is breaking down. He gives thanks for the light while darkness is approaching. He praises the earth while he himself will soon be laid back into it.
Here lies something of the secret of The Canticle of the Sun. It is not written from abundance, but from clarification. It is not an escape from suffering, but a song that has passed through suffering. Francis does not deny vulnerability. He transforms it into praise.
That is also why it is so powerful that death finally appears as “our sister bodily Death.” This can easily be misunderstood. Francis does not glorify death. He does not make it harmless. He knows that no living human being can escape it. Death is boundary, loss, and gravity. But he refuses to make death into a foreign power outside the order of creation. Death too must be encountered within the reality of God.
To call death sister is not to welcome it lightly. It is to recognize that the human being cannot live truthfully if death is constantly repressed. Death belongs to the truth of life. It sets a limit to our plans, our control, and our power. But precisely for that reason, it can also make life clearer. It reminds us that everything is borrowed. Everything we love is received. Everything we have must one day be given back.
In this way, The Canticle of the Sun becomes a text about the art of living. It teaches us not only how to die. It teaches us how to live. To live well is to see the world as gift, not as possession. It is to practice gratitude for the simple things: light, water, breath, warmth, earth, fruit, flowers, human beings. It is to allow humility to become a form of clarity. It is to know that the human being does not become greater by ruling over everything, but by belonging.
This small song also became important in church history. Francis of Assisi did not merely found a religious movement. He gave the church another image of holiness. Holiness was not only doctrine, office, power, or monastic separation. Holiness could also be barefoot simplicity, care for lepers, kinship with animals and the poor, peaceful encounter with the stranger, and praise of creation.
The Franciscan order carried this forward. It became a living protest against a church that could become too rich, too powerful, and too preoccupied with itself. It reminded the church of the poverty of the gospel, of the dignity of the little ones, and of a Christ who did not first come in splendour, but in vulnerability.
This does not mean that Franciscan history has always been simple or pure. No order, no ecclesial institution, and no spiritual tradition escapes human weakness. But the ideal remained: a church that does not primarily seek power, but nearness; not primarily property, but service; not primarily domination, but brotherhood.
In our own time, this inheritance gained a new and unexpected force when Jorge Mario Bergoglio chose the papal name Francis. No pope before him had done so. The name itself was a programme. It pointed toward Francis of Assisi: the man of poverty, the man of peace, the man who loved and protected creation.
Pope Francis made this into a clear direction for the church. He spoke of a poor church for the poor. He criticized clericalism, abuse of power, indifference, and economic systems that cast human beings aside. He lifted up migrants, the poor, the sick, the elderly, children, and those who do not fit into society’s logic of efficiency. He wanted a church that goes out, not a church that closes itself around its own dignity.
The connection with The Canticle of the Sun became especially clear in the encyclical Laudato Si’. The title itself is taken from Francis’ hymn of praise: “Praised be You.” Here, the poetic vision of the Canticle is translated into the ecological crisis of our own time. The earth is not merely an environmental problem. It is our common home. It is sister and mother. And the cry of the earth cannot be separated from the cry of the poor.
This may be one of the most important aspects of Francis’ legacy today. Ecology does not become a narrow question about nature. It becomes a question of justice, poverty, economy, way of life, and view of the human being. If we destroy the earth, those who have the least are struck first. If we turn nature into a storehouse of raw materials, we also make humanity poorer. If we lose the ability to see the world as gift, we also lose the ability to live in gratitude.
In this sense, a small song about sun and moon has helped change an entire church community. Not through political power alone, not through theological treatises alone, but by giving the church a new way of seeing. A view from below. A view from the poor. A view from creation. A view from the one who knows that all life is gift.
And perhaps it has also given the whole world a new way of seeing the world. For The Canticle of the Sun does not speak only to Catholics. It speaks to all who sense that our modern way of life has made us strangers to the earth. It speaks to all who know that consumption is not the same as joy. It speaks to all who feel that nature is not only beautiful, but necessary; not only useful, but holy in a deeper sense.
One does not need to share all of Francis’ theology to be moved by his gaze. One may read The Canticle of the Sun as Christian prayer. One may also read it as practical philosophy, as ecological art of living, and as an exercise in humility. It asks: What happens to the human being when we stop seeing the world as thing and begin to see the world as kin? What happens to society when the earth is no longer merely a resource, but a mother? What happens to death when it is no longer only an enemy, but also a boundary we must learn to meet truthfully?
Francis’ answer is not theory. It is song. He sings of the sun, the moon, the water, the fire, the earth, and death. He does not sing because everything is good in a simple way. He sings because everything is held within a deeper gift. Even at the end of life, the world can be praised. Even with wounds on the body, the light can be beautiful. Even when death approaches, the human being can say thank you.
That is why The Canticle of the Sun still lives.
It reminds the church that it must not forget the poor.
It reminds theology that creation is not a secondary theme.
It reminds politics that ecology and justice belong together.
It reminds the human being that life does not begin with ownership, but with receiving.
And it reminds us that death should not be repressed, but neither should it be worshipped.
A small song about sun and moon therefore became more than a medieval hymn. It became a new way of seeing the world. It taught us that everything belongs together: earth and heaven, human beings and animals, poverty and dignity, wounds and praise, life and death.
And perhaps this is precisely why Francis of Assisi still speaks so strongly. He did not stand above the world. He stood in the midst of it, poor, wounded, dying — and singing.
Recommended Literature for Further Reading
Boff, L. (1997). Cry of the earth, cry of the poor. Orbis Books.
A liberation-theological and ecological work that shows the connection between the suffering of the earth and the suffering of the poor, closely related to the later tone of Laudato Si’.
Chesterton, G. K. (1923). Saint Francis of Assisi. Hodder & Stoughton.
A classic, personal, and literary interpretation of Francis. It is not a modern academic biography, but it remains valuable as a spiritual portrait.
Delio, I. (2003). A Franciscan view of creation: Learning to live in a sacramental world. Franciscan Media.
An accessible introduction to Franciscan creation theology and to the idea of the world as more than material and resource.
Francis of Assisi. (1999). Francis of Assisi: Early documents: Vol. 1. The saint (R. J. Armstrong, J. A. W. Hellmann, & W. J. Short, Eds.). New City Press.
A central collection of early sources for Francis’ life and spirituality, including texts that provide historical and theological background for The Canticle of the Sun.
Francis, Pope. (2015). Laudato Si’: On care for our common home. Vatican Press.
Pope Francis’ major ecological encyclical, clearly inspired by Francis of Assisi and the Canticle’s vision of the earth as our common home.
Le Goff, J. (2004). Saint Francis of Assisi. Routledge.
A historically oriented presentation of Francis within the religious, social, and cultural context of the Middle Ages.
Lönnebo, M. (2015). Frälsarkransen. Verbum.
Lönnebo’s book on the Pearls of Life, a modern Christian prayer practice in which spirituality takes physical form through beads, touch, rhythm, and repetition. It offers a fruitful interpretive perspective on The Canticle of the Sun as spirituality in physical form through the sensory reality of creation.
The Canticle of the Sun
Attributed to Francis of Assisi
Praised be You, my Lord, with all that You have created.
Especially Sir Brother Sun, who gives us the day,
and through whom You give us light.
And he is beautiful and radiant with great splendour.
Of You, Most High, he bears the likeness.
Praised be You, my Lord, for Sister Moon and the stars;
in heaven You created them, clear and precious and beautiful.
Praised be You, my Lord, for Brother Wind,
and for the air and the clouds and the sky and every kind of weather,
through which You give all Your creatures their sustenance.
Praised be You, my Lord, for Sister Water,
who is useful for everything, and humble and precious and beautiful.
Praised be You, my Lord, for Brother Fire,
through whom You light up the night.
And he is beautiful and strong and mighty.
Praised be You, my Lord, for Sister Earth, our mother,
who sustains us and guides us,
and brings forth fruits and grass and colourful flowers.
Praised be You, my Lord, for all those
who forgive out of love for You
and endure suffering and hardship.
Blessed is the one who bears this with patience,
for from You, Most High, he shall receive his crown.
Praised be You, my Lord, for our sister, bodily Death,
from whom no living human being can escape.
Woe to the one who dies in mortal sin.
Blessed is the one who lets Your holy will be done,
for the second death shall not harm him.
Praise and bless my Lord, and thank Him,
and serve Him with great humility.
Amen.